微波营养套餐中米饭加工工艺的改良研究

模拟供应动车组微波营养套餐中米饭的生产工艺,采用6种不同的米饭蒸煮方式,在两周的货架期内与常规水浴加热米饭进行对比。通过测定米饭的水分含量、质构参数(硬度、黏着性、弹性、凝聚性和咀嚼性等)、微观形态等特性,对比得出60℃水浴30 min,取出后在25℃下放置30 min,后以400 W功率微波加热6 min,取出后保温10 min为最优化的微波营养套餐米饭蒸煮工艺。这种水浴微波混合加工工艺生产的米饭在4℃储存条件下,在14 d货架期内微波复热后仍可较好地保证米饭的品质。     

基于直流潮流灵敏度的断面潮流定向控制

给出一种基于直流潮流灵敏度的断面潮流定向控制新方法.首先利用直流潮流获得断面支路对应的发电机输出功率转移分布因子(GSDF)矩阵;进而根据断面潮流定向控制需要,利用断面的GSDF矩阵,通过非线性优化确定断面潮流调控方案.该方法不仅可实现对断面总潮流的准确控制,并可兼顾各支路潮流不同变动目标的定向要求.New England 39节点、IEEE 118节点等系统验证结果表明,该方法可对断面潮流进行较精确的定向控制,工程应用前景良好.     

步进扫描光刻机扫描运动轨迹规划及误差控制

研究一种步进扫描投影光刻机工作台扫描运动超精密轨迹规划算法及误差控制策略。在分析三阶扫描运动与步进运动轨迹规划异同点的基础上,提出三阶扫描运动轨迹规划算法。针对扫描运动精确性与严格同步性要求,分析扫描运动轨迹规划误差补偿的几个关键问题。根据扫描运动轨迹算法离散实现存在的误差,结合内部整数积分策略,提出扫描运动轨迹规划加减速段与扫描速度稳定段运动距离的离散积分策略误差控制方法。此外,为克服切换时间圆整引起的扫描曝光匀速段位置误差,提出一种基于常速扫描运动段位置修正因子的误差补偿方法。以上方法共同实现光刻机工作台扫描运动轨迹规划精度控制。实例证明提出算法是有效和精确的。该算法成功应用于100nm步进扫描投影光刻机工作台的超精密运动控制系统中。     

钢轨踏面斜裂纹超声表面波B扫成像检测研究

由滚动接触疲劳引起的钢轨踏面斜裂纹已成为目前高速铁路在役钢轨无损检测中的重要问题,现有的铁路钢轨超声探伤车(仪)难以检测此类缺陷。采用低频超声表面波方法,沿钢轨长度方向对钢轨踏面斜裂纹进行B扫成像检测。由于钢轨轨头为带圆弧边的矩形截面,在钢轨表面激发和传播的低频表面波已不再是经典的Rayleigh波,而是一类导波,导波的多模式对表面波成像检测形成了干扰。为减小干扰,将空间平均技术应用于钢轨踏面斜裂纹的表面波B扫成像。对人工缺陷试块和钢轨试样的B扫成像实验结果表明,利用空间平均技术能有效的抑制此类干扰,提高信噪比,可对钢轨踏面斜裂纹作快速检测和定位。     

ZrWMoO_8粉体处理工艺对铜包覆效果的影响

采用水合前驱体分解法成功制备出高纯棒状钨钼酸锆(ZrWMoO8)粉体。在超声环境下采用化学镀方法对自制的ZrWMoO8粉体进行铜包覆。研究了温度对镀液稳定性的影响,探讨了粉体表面处理工艺对包覆效果的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察镀层微观形貌,并用能谱(EDS)分析镀层的元素组成。实验结果表明,室温环境下可保证镀液的稳定性;粉体经敏化活化后,可在ZrWMoO8粉体表面成功镀覆上一层比较致密的铜单质,经计算,包覆Cu与ZrWMoO8的质量比为1∶1。     

热带测雨卫星搭载的仪器及其探测结果

针对降水遥感和探测,简要介绍了卫星红外遥感方法和被动微波遥感方法,着重讨论了热带测雨卫星及其搭载仪器。随后介绍了热带测雨卫星多仪器探测结果的应用,并以夏季热对流降水为例,分析了其降水结构、云顶高度和雨顶高度及其与地表降水之间的关系,同时也阐述了如何利用热带测雨卫星和测雨雷达长时间资料,来分析亚洲地区降水的气候分布。最后对卫星主动微波探测降水的发展做了简要展望。     

Structure-function relationships of three kinds of immobilized DNA probes in the discrimination abilities of single nucleotide variation

We have compared here the nucleic acid hybridization abilities of three kinds of immobilized probes with different structures. Under the conventional structural design, we found that the share-stem hairpin structure probe (SHP) was more easily hybridized with the target than the linear probe and conventional hairpin shaped probe (HP). The HP probe had the lowest hybridization ability. However, it was shown a contrary result in the single-nucleotide mismatch discrimination ratio. Subsequently, we increased the Tm of the two hairpin-shaped probes and found both of the two probes were improved on the hybridization specificities even though the hybridization abilities were decreased. The result of the hybridization temperature optimization experiment showed that at 45 degrees C, the Dr Ratio (mismatch discrimination ratio) of HP-28T and SHP-32T were both as high as 8.5 while the ratios of linear probe were -0.3-0.7. The results suggested that the immobilized shared stem hairpin shaped probes also had the ability to discriminate single-nucleotide variation under proper design.     

Short channel field-effect transistors from highly enriched semiconducting carbon nanotubes

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) with a purity of ∼98% have been obtained by gel filtration of arc-discharge grown SWNTs with diameters in the range 1.2–1.6 nm. Multi-laser Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of less than 2% of metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) in the s-SWNT enriched sample. Measurement of ∼50 individual tubes in Pd-contacted devices with channel length 200 nm showed on/off ratios of >10⁴, conductances of 1.38–5.8 μS, and mobilities in the range 40–150 cm²·V/s. Short channel multi-tube devices with ∼100 tubes showed lower on/off ratios due to residual m-SWNTs, although the on-current was greatly increased relative to the devices made from individual tubes.      

抗滑桩加固边坡的桩土作用研究

以某路基边坡为研究对象,通过在基岩与上部土体间以及抗滑桩与土体间设置分界面单元,真实地反映了工程的实际接触情况。在此基础上,详细分析了抗滑桩加固边坡桩土的作用机理。分析表明,第1排抗滑桩在坡体的稳定性加固中起着至关重要的作用,它对于阻止上部土体的位移和承担上部土体下滑力起着重要的作用。分析揭示了抗滑桩加固边坡土压力拱的形成机理与上部土压力的传递过程,指出了桩附近土体与桩间土体的位移和应力分布特征。     

分散松香胶中松香总量与游离松香的测定

介绍了用酸碱滴定法测定分散松香胶中游离松香和松香总量的方法。